REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
The study focuses on the main trends in the tourism industry of the Novosibirsk region. It is shown that the regional industry is developing in line with the national trends and falls with the general development trends of domestic and inbound tourism set forth in the documents of strategic development at the federal and sub-federal levels. The article discusses the aspects of the tourism industry, which determine the specifics of its functioning related to the geographical concentration, heterogeneity, and multiplicity of participants as well as the complex nature of the tourist product. It is concluded that the application of cluster approach to tourism development seems rather appropriate. The work determines priority types of tourism and clusters to be formed and developed in the Novosibirsk region. Besides, the article describes the factors, opportunities and restrictions for tourism development in Novosibirsk region in terms of demand. It has been shown that the expectations regarding the development of domestic tourism against the background of global failure of international passenger traffic are only partially justified since hardly can Russian domestic tourism be an equivalent substitution for the outbound tourism. Under these circumstances, the cluster tourism policy should mainly focus on the following priority directions: domestic and mainly short-term tourism; increase in the activity of tour operators in the formation of regional tourist products; development of tourism and infrastructure facilities.
Today, strategic planning is widely used in the contemporary Russian public administration practices for regional socio-economic development. Since 2005, the regions have started to develop their own economic strategies, most of which were adopted before 2020, so it is not too soon to sum up the implementation results of regional strategies for this period, i.e. assessment of target values of socio-economic indicators, implementation of socio-economic projects, completion of the construction projects provided for in the strategic planning documents. The paper analyzes the achievement of certain targets indicators in the development strategies of the Republic of Tuva and the Novosibirsk Region. Currently, the mechanism to monitor the implementation of strategic documents is not well developed. The development of such a monitoring procedure would make it possible to turn the strategy from a “goal setting document” into an effective tool for the public and non-government organizations to evaluate the efforts of regional executive bodies towards promoting socio-economic development of the region. The development of performance assessment methodologies is complicated by the impossibility to apply a uniform strategic methodology because the strategies are different for each region.
In recent years, we have witnessed a rapid and profound growth of urban population. The challenge to improve the quality of the urban environment is becoming increasingly important. Competition among the cities for highly skilled workforce, companies, investors, and even international events is also growing. With the advancement in modern technologies, especially IT, the Internet of things and big data, the creation of a “smart city” seems to be an excellent opportunity for the urban development. More and more cities are striving to follow this path, and Novosibirsk – the third largest city in Russia – is not an exception. This article analyzes the concept of a smart city, the advantages and barriers that impede the creation of a “smart city”, and considers the prospects of Novosibirsk as a “smart city”. The article suggests possible ways for Novosibirsk development as a “smart city”.
The article considers the necessity to transform the existing economic development model of Kuzbass – the leading coal mining center in Russia – due to the increasing external risks, the problems of the coal sector in Russia as well as the adaptation of the region to a new reality. The author identifies five key factors of influence: decarbonization of the world economy; a fall in coal prices; the COVID-19 pandemic that has triggered the global crisis; long-term reduction of coal consumption in the Russian Federation; the formation of new coal mining centers in eastern Russia. As a result, based on a change in coal production in the region, three scenarios for the development of the coal industry and the economy of the Kemerovo region as a whole have been proposed. According to the author, with the existing regional model, the most likely scenario for Kuzbass in 10-15 years is a shock scenario, i.e. due to the decrease in global demand for hydrocarbons coal production in Kuzbass is expected to drop by 70-100 million tons per year, which could provoke a deep socio-economic crisis in the region. To avoid negative economic and social outcomes, it seems advisable to immediately start renovation of the Kuzbass economy with active participation of the state on the basis of a new reading of the model of territorial production complexes (TPC) which was successfully implemented in the region in the 20th century. The role of the basic industries of modern TPCs of the Kemerovo region can be assumed by clean coal technologies, petroleum chemistry and oil refining. At the same time, the author emphasizes that the restart of the model for the development of regional economy is possible only if the businesses (the owner of production assets), the government and the society reach the agreement and share full responsibility for the renovation processes of the resource territory.
MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS: METHODS AND RESULTS
The article proposes to characterize the place and role of the service sector in the implementation of national goals of economic development for the period up to 2030, a method for determining a quantitative assessment of indicators of development of the service sector, based on the use of model tools based on the apparatus of the input-output table system. The current state of the service sector in the country is briefly described. The service sector in the article is understood as a set of types of services presented in the table of the use of goods and services in basic prices from the system of input-output tables for 2017. The article shows the place of certain types of services in the implementation of indicators of national goals of economic development. For experimental calculations based on the initial table of the use of goods and services at basic prices from the system of input-output tables for 2017, a worksheet was constructed in which some types of economic activities and products were aggregated into conditional sectors of the economy, and from some types were singled out some, directly involved in the implementation of national goals. Calculations according to the worksheet allowed us to quantify the impact of growth in the volume of services on the value of gross value added and the hypothetical values of investment resources required to achieve indicators of national goals.
The paper reviews the effect of nonmonetary factors on inflation dynamics in Russia from 2000 to 2018. The period under review was divided into two intervals with different economic dynamics: 2000–2008 – the period of economic growth in Russia, 2009–2018 – the period of a slower rate of economic growth. Both periods were analyzed for various nonmonetary factors having an impact on inflation, which helped reveal common as well as distinctive features of nonmonetary factors. Some factors, such as the growth rate of agricultural prices had a significant impact on the consumer price inflation dynamics over the whole period under research. Other nonmonetary factors ceased to have an effect on consumer prices making room for others. Thus, the volume of imports turned out to be significant only in the period from 2009 to 2018, which is explained by the geopolitical situation and introduced economic sanctions. The conducted research confirmed a growing role of nonmonetary factors in the inflation processes. This conclusion requires consideration of specific features of nonmonetary causes of inflation on behalf of the Central bank and the fiscal organs in development of concrete steps to reduce inflation. The priority should continue to be given to effective tariff regulation, modernization of industry and promotion of competition.
MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS: METHODS AND RESULTS
High-tech sector is recognized as an important long-term priority for the development of any economy; therefore, purposeful support and encouraging the development of this sector requires highlighting the specificities of high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies. This study provides an empirical test of the existence of differences in some parameters between the companies in high-tech and traditional sectors of the economy with BEEPS microeconomic data base by the following characteristics: level of research and development intensity; level of personnel qualification; technological and financial capabilities; business orientation to the global market. The test is based on the Student’s t-test, i.e. statistical comparison of the average values of the parameters for the companies in the specified sectors. For verification, the data from direct surveys of domestic manufacturing and production service companies, the data from the surveys of
companies from the EAEU countries and some Eastern European countries were used.
It has been revealed that in Eastern European countries, high-tech companies of any sectors more heavily invest in R & D. In Russia, this is true only for the production sector. At the same time, the level of innovative activity for domestic production companies is generally consistent with the level of the companies in other countries under study. Like in many European companies, a significantly large proportion of domestic high-tech companies pays attention to the introduction of new methods f production, management, and product promotion.
The need to acquire or rent equipment is equally important for high-tech and low-tech companies, and there are no significant differences in access to financial resources.
It has been also revealed that the Russian high-tech production companies are more focused on the national market, whereas the low-tech companies are orientated to the local one. At the same time, the high-tech business is still characterized by a higher share of products shipped for export as compared to the average level of industrial exports.
An important up-to-date feature of the resources sector development is a rapid change of types and raw material sources as well as a wide range of conditions in which the processes of mineral resources development take place. The sources of rare earth elements are not an exception because the innovative nature of their development implies the use of new knowledge, technologies and approaches. Moreover, from an economic perspective, like any investment projects, such sources of raw materials require feasibility assessment and their investment effectiveness. Based on the above, the article analyzes an economic assessment of the development of new source of rare
earth elements by the example of the Burann area of the Tomtor deposit in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
The recent trends in the world output of titanium-containing concentrates and titanium sponge – intermediate product in the production of metallic titanium – has been studied. The differences in the dynamics of these indicators have been found due to the fact that titanium-containing concentrates are used not only as raw materials for the production of titanium metal. The clusters of the world's major producers of titanium-containing concentrates and titanium sponge have been identified. The range of factors potentially influencing the titanium sponge price dynamics has been studied; the independence of this dynamics from fluctuations in supply and demand and the price of raw materials has been shown. The results of activity of JSC “Corporation VSMPO-AVISMA” were analyzed. The study shows that the main factor determining the sales profit margin of the Corporation is the dynamics of the exchange rate; a quantitative assessment of the degree of such influence has been made.
The article is devoted to the problems of creating at the international level the optimal investment policy in agricultural production. The problem is solved by means of the “Return-Risk” model, which is based on the basic principles of the portfolio analysis: return, risk and the return-risk ratio. The model is easy to implement and does not require special skills; for important estimates it is necessary and sufficient to use MS
EXCEL Date Mining Add-in. This article analyses the historical data of 2010–2017 by productivity of grain crops in general: corn, wheat, barley and rice in different countries. The time span is 1 year. The source data are exported from knoema.com. The findings are as follows: 1) the leading countries with the most attractive potential investment results have been formed for each sample subgroup promise; 2) the benchmarking quantitative analysis on return, risk and the return-risk ratio revealed both the most investment-attractive crops depending on the investor’s attitude to the acceptable risk level, and the countries where the cultivation will be most profitable; 3) the results of the spatial, aspectual and global optimization afford synthesis of effective decision support investment systems. It is proved that the 3 % increase in risk leads to only 1 % return.
METHODOLOGY AND METHODS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Russian cities are in constant flux, i.e. both their material embodiment and social relations are changing. This article attempts to analyze the process of perception of the ongoing changes by the example of Novosibirsk. The information base of the study is the data obtained from a telephone survey of the residents of
the Novosibirsk region designed to show a picture of the perceived changes in the urban environment in
quantitative categories, and the data from semi-formalized interviews with the city residents conducted to
reveal the meanings put into this picture. Dichotomies – extreme points of imaginary spectra describing
the process of perception – are used as an analytical tool of the study. As a result, the paper describes the
dichotomies “center – periphery”, “homogeneity – individuality” as well as related trends, i.e. rhetoric of
“growth” of the left bank of Novosibirsk, distribution of networks, the role of shopping centers in public
space, privatization and deindustrialization
METHODOLOGY AND METHODS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
The article presents a sociological data analysis carried out to assess the adaptive potential of the teacher community and to search for the factors influencing this indicator. In the framework of theoretical generalizations, based on the author's understanding of the nature of adaptive potential, the paper presents a methodology for assessing the integral index of adaptive potential as a combination of intangible resources involved by the teachers in the process of adapting to new challenges of educational environment. The composition of adaptation resources was determined, which were combined into five blocks – educational capital, professional capital, social capital, cultural capital and information capital. As part of the experimental stage of the study, we used the data of a targeted survey of teachers in the territory of the Vologda Oblast, which was conducted in May-June 2020 by the Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in an online questionnaire format.
In accordance with the proposed methodology, the integral index of the teachers’ adaptive potential in the region was calculated. Clustering of the calculated data shows that the average adaptive potential prevails in the teacher community. A cluster analysis of the data of sociological measurements has made it possible to identify the factors affecting the adaptive capabilities of various groups of the teacher community, i.e.
social moods, satisfaction in communicating with educational agents, the ability to combine work and family functions, the level of difficulty at school, etc. The novelty of the study, which is per se a modernization of E. M. Avraamova approach, is the use of the proposed methodology to assess the adaptive potential of teachers. The research results can be applied in the practice of general education management in the Russian regions
Improving the quality of working life (QWL) is one of the conditions for intensifying economic growth. The key benchmark here is satisfaction with the work of the working population. Knowledge of the specifics of gender distribution in assessments of job satisfaction contributes to a detailed study of motivational mechanisms and directions (methods) of management practices. A limited cross-section of research on this
topic justifies research interest in this area of scientific knowledge. The use of methods of statistical analysis made it possible to identify the features of subjective assessments of men and women in well-being and satisfaction with work life. The information base of the study was the survey data conducted by the Vologda Research Center in 2018. The lowest level of satisfaction among men and women with respect to wages and activities of a trade union organization was determined. An equally high degree of subjective assessments was revealed in the two studied groups in terms of the psychological aspects of labor. The typology of personalities among men and women in relation to satisfaction (well-being) with work activity
has been substantiated. Among men, the professionally and status-prosperous personality type predominates; among women, a socially prosperous personality type is distinguished (apart from the material and
professional components). The directions are proposed that contribute to the growth of job satisfaction in the context of the two studied groups.
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