This paper examines the role of the personal consumption structure in the processes of economic growth and cyclic recurrence. The important to the neoclassical synthesis thesis that consumer actions leading to maximization of subjective satisfaction, create preconditions for economic growth regardless of the institutional structure in society has been criticized. A comparative analysis of the social conditions that affect the role of individual consumption in the process of accumulation of human capital in the three stages of the industrial market economies was done. Including such as the nature of the distribution of income and sources of individual consumer budgets. Hypothesised that the development of consumer credit and an increase of government social programs weaken the positive impact of the expansion of consumer opportunities to improve the quality of human resources. It is proposed to distinguish the stages of development of the economic system, according to patterns of relations between production and consumption. Identified specific features of a modern system of consumption relations, causing an imbalance of consumer standards and production capabilities of society.

The shadow economy is inherent in all countries of the world. It penetrates into all spheres of economic relations. However, different opinions exist in the scientific literature about the usefulness of this phenomenon for society. In this article, the author proposed an extension of the game model relations between the state and the population, taking into account the influence of the shadow economy. The author investigates reasons for derivation and growth of the shadow economy, government influence on its formation and the influence of the shadow economy on social welfare. The study of this model shows the positive impact of population growth on the size of the shadow economy and the negative effect of the size of the shadow economy on social welfare in the case of non-cooperative strategy population. These results allow us to identify new mechanisms of size reduction of the shadow economy.

Health of the population as a factor of national security of the country is considered, main types of anthropogenic pollution (chemical, acoustic, thermal etc.), leading to a real threat to health are represented, and also the Russian system of environmental monitoring is considered.

The paper presents a hierarchical grouping of the most significant factors determining the level of environmental and economic efficiency of BAT, their interaction and meter types. The problem of efficiency of BAT was considered from the point of view of measurement vulnerability of its factors mainly in terms of costs, especially for environmental factors and intellectual labor evaluation. It is shown the process of measuring the impact of factors for adequate evaluation of the effectiveness needs to be done multi-dimensional, what is achieved through a combination of natural, labor and cost meters and their mutual coordination. For discussion it is proposed a mechanism for such coordination using the procedure of financial performance greening and green certification, as well as methods of labor reduction, improved on the basis of modern information technology in the form of automated expert systems. The characteristics of expert system of information simulation aggregation (by way of example of aggregation of BAT effectiveness expert evaluations) with specific examples of its substantial part were described. Basic algorithms of optimal classification procedure by minimum loss information were listed.

The company crisis is not just its state, but a process that unfolds over time. Both in theory and in practice various indicators of the state and dynamics of the company's business are usually stud56 ied. In the article we offer a look at the development of the company crisis from the viewpoint of influence of environmental changes on the capital structure and movement of capital stock and financial flows. By changing of the state of the company’s environment we mean here a change of the configuration of its contractors – suppliers and buyers, of the terms of engagement with its older counterparts, of the conditions of its access to credit, etc. In the article we suggest the concept of management of the financial crisis of individual company based on the relationship between the change in the external environment and sequence of the company’s responses to these changes. It is based on a simulation model implemented for a company producing consumer goods in the conditions of structural decline in demand. The proposed approach and the concept of the company's crisis development is the development of the theory of crisis management. Through in-depth and structured analysis of manifestations of the crisis, they can build a sequence of methods of crisis overcoming. Practical value of the proposed concept is to increase the effectiveness of crisis management by identifying the relationship between the changes in the configuration of the environment on the one hand, and changes in capital structure and cash flow and capital flows, on the other. It allows translating unmanaged crisis into planning of crisis development of the company with further its overcoming.

Resource base in the Russian oil industry determines the need for the development and application of new technologies. The results of the application of innovative technologies are characterized by considerable uncertainty. Aim of this study is to develop a methodology for estimation the tax policy to encourage innovative technologies (taking into account the uncertainty of results of their application).
Experience in the application of new technologies in the Russian oil companies analyzed. The developed approach (tools) based on the methods of evaluation of investment projects and the Monte Carlo method. Estimates of the effectiveness of oil projects, taking into account uncertainty in the results of application of innovative technologies, presented.
Stimulation of the use of new technologies should be integrated with measures to promote competition and the establishment of mechanisms of orienting the oil companies to the rational development of mineral resources. 
The state should adopt policies aimed at improving oil recovery,including the tax system that encourages innovation. State should create conditions for stability andprotection of the interests of companies that invest in a long process of development and applicationof new technologies to improve oil recovery.

The paper explores interactions between Universities and industrial enterprises based on the model of public-private partnership in China. Six types of partnerships have been studied and for each of the partnership government goals of participation have been analyzed. Special attention is given to studying the unique forms of PPP in China: independent universities and university-owned enterprises. Results demonstrate that PPP in the innovation activity in the universities in China significantly contributed to the intensification of scientific and technical policy of the country and the country’s transition to the knowledge economy.

The authors examine the approaches and compare the assessment of the level of innovative development of Russian regions by various known methods. Particular attention is paid to the discrepancy to the different methods caused a set of parameters describing the combined index of innovative development and algorithms used in its calculation. It showed a methodical scheme of creation of original software for analytics and visualization of complex indicators of innovative development, which allows to compare results across existing or new flexibility formed by the algorithms in accordance with the purposes of analysis and expertise to develop solutions for the various levels of government. Illustrations are given on the testing program for the calculation of certain types of composite indexes.

The estimation of the level of innovative development is performed by methods, which have different set of indicators and algorithms. Purpose of the article – the analysis methods to assess the composite index of Regional Development to create a general scheme for its calculation based on the original software.

The methodology of the study includes the comparison of the empirical results of different methods in order to create a computer program that contains a library of algorithms for analysis and visualization.

The research result – scheme of constructing the composite index and its interregional comparisons. It is shown that the application of different algorithms provide similar estimates the level of innovative regional development – leaders such as Moscow and St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod region. At the same time there is a big difference estimates for most regions. Verification of scheme for calculating the composite index is made by some techniques on the example of assessing the knowledge economy index regions of Russia.

The software package allows to create and maintain a library of algorithms constructed by the user, visualization results. Its practical application extends the capabilities of the applied analysis of various formulations of indicators characterizing the development of Russian regions.

The article provides the developed methodology of the midterm evaluation of the efficiency of use of material resources. Proposed system of indicators for tracking and monitoring of the efficiency of the production process. The author analyzes literary sources on the problem of the estimation of efficiency of use of material resources, we study the opinions of economists. The author summarizes the observational information and provides conclusions expressed in the reflection of the urgency of forming the system of the midterm evaluation of the efficiency of use of material resources. the traditional system assessment, the method of using of which is presented in the works of scientists, does not contain indicators reflecting the interim targets with the aim of forming a preliminary picture of the future condition of efficiency of use of material resources, on the basis of the quarterly rate of change of the level of material consumption, comparing them to the beginning and end of the time period, the balance of the stock of material resources, mapping the rate of change of the volume of production and the rate of change of material costs, matching the pace of change of volume of purchases of material resources and the pace of changes in the value of material resources, the Author proposes indicators: the rate of change of material capacity for 4 quarter, comparison of the rates of change in material consumption in the 1st and 4th quarters, the balance of the stock of material resources, the rate of change of the volume of production and material costs by quarter, the comparison of the rate of change of volume of purchases of material resources with the pace of changes in the value of material resources by quarter. The theoretical significance of the test is to use the author of the material as an additional reading course of lectures on economic subjects, practical significance – the inclusion of a set of indicators developed as a tool evaluating the effectiveness of the use of material resources existing material-intensive enterprises.

Control of contract activity is important condition for the effective work of enterprise. The wide spectrum of different forms of contracts in the business-processes, increase or decrease of their quantity, a change of the conditions for the conclusion of a contract lead to the need of using different set of instruments according to the analysis of contract activity. This analysis makes it possible to make the valid decisions by further development or survival of enterprise. The purpose of scientific research is the examination of the methods of the analysis of contract activity for the solution of organizational-economic problems. Special attention is given to the use of the problem-oriented procedure in the comparison with other popular methods, to the formation of conclusions relative to its deficiencies and advantages. Approaches to the determination of problems, reasons, consequences, purposes and tasks are separated. Stages and stages of procedure are opened. The results of work make it possible to in practice solve important task in the introduction of new approaches to control of contract activity through the attraction of experts for the necessary directions of the work of enterprise. The given survey of methods makes the significant contribution to the field of knowledge on questions of the perfection of the technologies of control of contracts.

The work presents the methodological approach to production program of the enterprise serial engineering for the current period in the conditions of uncertainty of demand. Here are two problems with this. The first is connected with the formation of the production program of the next quar124 ter, year. Objective could be to stochastic programming, but this task is difficult. Therefore, in this paper we proposed a simple solution. On the basis of statistical historical information about the deviation of actual sales data products from predicted by Monte Carlo generated a lot of production programs. Fixed worst key performance (sales, profit etc). The difference between the values of the planned target and the settlement defines stochastic reserve, to be established at the expense of additional innovations.

The second problem is connected with the formation of the production program production in the planned month, taking into account the creation of stocks of production in the conditions when for a short period of time is difficult to build a pattern of change in the quantity demanded by month for serial production, as in some months of the year the products are not produced nor sold. To justify the level of inventories of finished products is information on deviations from the fact plan for past periods. Built function of frequency distribution of the values of deviations. This allows you to further build the methodology for determining the level of production (taking into account the reserves) and sales of products that deliver maximum economic effect from the sales in the conditions of a random process of realization of production.

The Department of Sociology of the Faculty of Economics of NSU is 25 years old

The paper presents the methodology and results of graduates’ monitoring that solves the problem of the evaluation of higher education institutions. The goal of the present study is to develop methodology of the effectiveness of training estimation in high school and to test it on a sample of Department of Sociology’s graduates. The wide interpretation of learning outcomes, including objective and subjective indicators of employment of graduates of formation and professional, analytical and communication skills has been proposed. The result of monitoring information is the basis of informed decisions in the management of educational processes at the university. In scientific terms, the monitoring data allows us to estimate the impact of the various components of the learning outcomes (formed skills, acquired social capital, etc.) at professional tracks. Information base of monitoring made by online alumni Sociology Department EF NSU survey, that’s materials revealed what analytical skills formed during study at the university, allow them to adapt to the diversified requirements of the labor market. Graduates sociologists are divided into two streams: a smaller consisting of working in the specialty, which is formed mainly through personalized contacts, and the bigger distributed to other segments of the labor market through a formal selection process.

This article surveys existing research on reasons behind the relative inefficiency of the innovation commercialization process. Genuine solutions are meant to reform all links of the innovational chain and in turn increase total organizational efficiency, but corporate R&D endeavors tend to yield ‘plumbing’ fixes rather than genuinely new ideas and concepts. Under discussion for the last several years, this topic is becoming increasingly relevant. There exist organization factors which block the transfer of new technologies and products into the business community, and Russia will only become internationally competitive if a true «knowledge economy» is encouraged through the removal of these barriers.

The authors view this problem from the perspective of Siberian scientists, specifically identifying institutional, economic and socio-cultural barriers through interviews with members of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok scientific community. According to the interviewees, these barriers described are above are the strongest forces stymieing the innovation implementation process in Russia. The findings herein justify changes in public policy regarding scientific practice and/or innovation management within large R & D departments.

The article presents results of a sociological research devoted to studying process of formation and development of the Russian market of electronic money. The aim of this work is to identify factors that form specific practices of use bank cards. On the one hand the relevance of the subject is determined by the rapid growth of cashless forms of payment in Russia, and on the other hand, the unwillingness to refuse to «real» money in everyday life of the Russian citizens. Therefore it is important to upgrade card usage experience of the «ordinary» customers of the banks. A series of semi-structured interviews allowed us to bring out the incentives and motivation of the individuals in the transition to a non-cash financial transactions; identify features of learning processes of using cards; elicit barriers to transition to electronic forms of payment, as well as factors contributing to the expansion of the circle of used operations. There is classification of the main groups of card holders with their key socio-demographic characteristics. This article will be useful for sociologists and marketers.

This article deals with the problem of increasing of city attractiveness and competitiveness for saving and development of territory’s human capital (on the example of students as one of the most mobile group). The study’s main objective is to identify student’s migration attitudes and its connection with territory perception and student’s features. The idea of migration attitudes is clarified through its features (presence, direction, formation). Furthermore, it was made an analysis and extension of factors, which could determine decision of students to leave. Information base consists of results of online-poll among NSU students, conducted in the end of 2012 – beginning of 2013 year. According to the online-poll, authors found out characteristics, which determine differentiation of migration attitudes. It’s shown the influence of subjective perception of territory’s features and city attractiveness on the process of formation of migration attitudes of students (it’s discovered the differentiation of direction and formation of migration attitudes in groups with different perception). There is the tendency of more loyalty to the territory among students oriented on living in Novosibirsk. Students more oriented on leaving if they have a higher level of expectations of the territory as a potential residence. Despite of the fact that migration attitudes are not necessarily to be implemented in practice, information about it allow estimating potential mobility and migration potential of this group, which is important to consider during creation of city’s marketing strategy.

Specificity of city zoning has a significant impact on the lifestyle of residents and their perception of the urban structure. Functions of urban areas are perceived through everyday experience, while functional zoning may be perceived only as a result of reflection of experience. This analysis is based on studying perception of the functional zoning in cities by its citizens. The main hypothe sis of research is that differences between models of functional zoning have a significant impact on perception of these models by citizens. The research shows an attempt to define the interrelations between objective (observed model of functional zoning in a particular city) and subjective (perception of this model by townspeople) factors. The aim of this work was to study the perception of the functional zoning of the townspeople. Methods of the research are content analysis, mass online survey and in-depth interview. One of the main conclusions obtained in the study is that cities are mostly similar in nature of functional zoning, but the perception of different areas is different in each city. Functional zoning was an object of study in classical works on the sociology of the city, but isn’t enough studied nowadays. Thus, the work is of interest both in theoretical and practical terms.

The aim of the presented research was the to study the everyday methods used for holidays’ construction and reproduction. The urgency of this case is closely connected to the problem of modern practices’ inconsistency, consumption society. It arouses from the hypothesis that the above-said theoretical assumptions probably cannot explain contemporary cultural change, while the holidays are constant cultural practices that can be used as the indices of change. The article describes the methods of constructing holidays and festive mood explicated in the study of actively celebrating citizens’ lifeworlds concerning the context of (post)modernity. Perception of holiday in the world of transforming and dying cultural practices consequently reaches personal and sensual basis. However, there is a lag between this perception and redefining some traditional aspects of celebrations. The holiday concept’s dualism develops into the problem of holiday’s instability as the fragment of the citizen’s lifeworld and the problem of contemporary society’s description in terms of G. Schulze’s «society of experience»

The feeling of loneliness is an important part of human life. Particular relevance the issues of loneliness acquired in post-industrial age, when there are fundamental changes in social institutions, vision of the world. Transformation of the institution of the family, the individualization of the society, the growth of economic welfare in developed countries has led to the spread of a new category of people – «Singleton». Despite the many scientific works on loneliness, the area of interdependence perceptions about the role of the family in the society of our country and the phenomenon of loneliness remains unexplored.
The purpose of this research was to study the practice of «solo living» of middle-aged women by identifying the ideas about family of alone women, their perception of single women – on the one hand, and evaluation of single women their «illegitimate» status. Attempt was carried out on the basis of in-depth interviews to provide a detailed description and classification of representations of loneliness as a position without a partner of women with different marital status. It was identified the factors which causing possible influence on the formation of a particular type of representation loneliness. Method of qualitative analysis showed that, despite the change of the political regime in the country, globalization, and the interpenetration of cultures, solo living for most is not frowned upon, and understandable strategy of privacy.
The results of this study may be useful for the solution of demographic problems in Russia, contribute to the accumulated knowledge about the phenomenon of loneliness.

This article presents a phenomenological research of internet addictivity with an emphasis on theoretical conception. Internet addictivity is understood as a human’s feature in modern society which means perception of the world of the Internet as a field of finite values, not less important than daily occurrence. Here we are trying to overcome medical discourse in relation to this feature by using phenomenological alternative. The article shows some of the results of conducted empirical study, which allowed to create 2 polar ideal-typical constructions – internet addictivity and nonaddictivity.

With internet-addictivity Internet is used principally value-rationally. Internet conducts to the creation of the «We-group», the shortage of which is possible in daily life. In the plans for the future there is nothing connected with family; freedom has a special value. Internet-addictivity is characterized by presence of experiences and emotions about the Internet, which are not weaker than in everyday life. For non-addictiveness is typical understanding of the Internet as a secondary reality, or, in the extreme case, as a way, as a tool, not as a separate world.