Инженерные компетенции в ракурсе задач технологического развития страны
Abstract
Инженерные специальности находятся сегодня в тренде высокого спроса на рынке труда. Это связано с переориентацией российской промышленности на создание собственных технологий и импортозамещение. В этой связи целью исследования является анализ наиболее востребованных компетенций профессий инженерно-технического профиля. В исследовании задействованы общенаучные методы (описание, анализ, синтез, сравнение, обобщение и т.д.), а также апробирован метод ассоциативных правил, реализованный с помощью программно-вычислительной среды «Python». В исследовании также проведен обзор подходов к изучению компетенций на рынке труда. Установлено, что в научной практике преобладают методы социологического и маркетингового исследования. Информационной базой исследования послужил массив вакансий портала «Роснавык» по Северо-Западному федеральному округу, в котором содержатся данные по компетенциям инженерно-технического профиля (n=7709). На данных имеющейся информационной базы выявлено, что среди наиболее востребованных компетенций инженерных специальностей находятся базовые и узкопрофессиональные (таких, например, как владение программой «AutoCAD» и чтение технической, проектной документации и чертежей). Отмечено, что несмотря на необходимость инновационных и творческих компетенций в контексте технологического развития страны, среди работодателей преобладает спрос на исполнительские компетенции (выполнение технического производственного контроля и контроля качества, соблюдение техники безопасности, выполнение ремонтных работ и т.д.). Результаты исследования будут полезны при разработке политики в области инженерного образования и повышения квалификации на промышленных предприятиях.
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