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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">woeam</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Мир экономики и управления</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>World of Economics and Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2542-0429</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5375</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25205/2542-0429-2025-25-3-154-171</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">woeam-947</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ И МЕТОДИКА СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODOLOGY AND METHODS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Восприятие неравенства возможностей в России и европейских странах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Perception of Inequality of Opportunity in Russia and European Countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-2463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Франц</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frants</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Франц Марина Валерьевна, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры экономики предпринимательства</p><p>ResearcherID: Q-8063-2019</p><p>Scopus Author ID : 57190431182</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Frants, Assistant Professor</p><p>ResearcherID: Q-8063-2019</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57190431182</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tan-Marina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уфимский университет науки и технологий</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa University of Science and Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>171</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Франц М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Франц М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Frants M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://woeam.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/947">https://woeam.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/947</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью работы является измерение восприятия неравенства возможностей в России и странах Европы. В отличие от существующих работ для получения оценок предложено использовать GRM-модель, позволяющую на основе набора частных порядковых индикаторов синтезировать интегральный количественный показатель.</p><p>Расчеты базируются на данных Международной программы социальных исследований (ISSP). В рамках этого проекта проводятся ежегодные опросы населения, однако тематическое направление меняется. В данной работе использовались данные двух последних волн, посвященных тематике социального неравенства (2009 и 2019 гг.). Анализ выполнен по 16 европейским странам, включая РФ.</p><p>Установлено, что по мнению респондентов всех стран, наименее значимы для достижения жизненного успеха раса и религия, наиболее важны хорошее собственное образование, упорный труд и пол. Сопоставление уровней и динамики восприятия неравенства возможностей позволило выявить значительную страновую дифференциацию. Неравенство возможностей воспринимается как низкое в Великобритании и Финляндии в оба рассматриваемых периода. В Швейцарии и Франции респонденты оценивали неравенство возможностей как среднее в 2009 г. и как низкое в 2019-м. Наиболее неблагоприятное развитие ситуации имеет место в Чехии, Литве, Словении, Хорватии, Германии и Италии, где неравенство возможностей, по оценке респондентов, значительно возросло в 2019 г. по сравнению с 2009 г. В России, Норвегии и Болгарии неравенство возможностей оценивается как среднее в оба рассматриваемых периода.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the research is to measure the perception of inequality of opportunity in European countries. In contrast to existing studies, it is proposed to use the GRM model to obtain estimates, which makes it possible to synthesize an integral quantitative indicator based on a set of ordinal indicators. The calculations are based on data from the International Social Research Program (ISSP). As part of this program, annual population surveys are conducted, but the thematic focus is changing. In this research, we used the data of the last two waves, devoted to the social inequality (2009 and 2019). The analysis is performed for 16 European countries including the Russian Federation.</p><p>According to respondents from all countries, race and religion are the least important for achieving success in life, and good education, hard work, and gender are the most important. A comparison of the levels and dynamics of perception of inequality of opportunity revealed significant country differentiation. A low level of perception of inequality of opportunity occurred in the UK and Finland during both periods under review. Switzerland and France demonstrated an average level of perception of inequality of opportunity in 2009 and its very significant decline in 2019. The most unfavorable development of the situation in the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Slovenia, Croatia, Germany and Italy, where the level of perception of inequality of opportunity and significantly increased in 2019 compared to 2009. In Russia, Norway and Bulgaria, the level of perception of inequality of opportunity is at an average level and has not undergone significant changes in the period under review.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неравенство возможностей</kwd><kwd>восприятие</kwd><kwd>обстоятельства</kwd><kwd>усилия</kwd><kwd>GRM-модель</kwd><kwd>страны Европы</kwd><kwd>ISSP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inequality of opportunity</kwd><kwd>perception</kwd><kwd>circumstances</kwd><kwd>efforts</kwd><kwd>GRM model</kwd><kwd>European countries</kwd><kwd>ISSP</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ибрагимова З. 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